Smadシグナル伝達経路におけるヘテロ多量体形成の数理モデル
A mathematical model for Smad heteromeric complex formation in Smad
signal transduction pathway
中林 潤
05/05/17, 13:30 at Room 3631 (6th floor of building 3 of the Faculty of Sciences)
The cell keeps their condition stable to live when it receives various stimulations from the environment. Appropriate response to the stimulation from the environment is indispensable for the living of the cell, and it is one of the big themes in biology to understand the signal transduction mechanism in the cell. Many genes that take part in the intracellular signal transduction in are identified according to development of molecular biology. The signal received to the cell is transduced by the sequential chemical reaction in the cell. Because It is difficult to detect the kinetics of the chemical reaction in the cell by an enough resolution, data obtained from biochemical experiments are limited. I advance some analysis of the signal transduction mechanism by the mathematical model to understand the dynamics of intracellular signal transduction. In this study, I construct a mathematical model for Smad signal transduction pathway. The Smad protein is a transcription factor tarnsducing the TGF-beta signal. It is shown that Smads take part in the cell proliferation and the differentiation. Its transcriptional activity is controlled by the phosphorylation. The ALK (Activin Like Kinase) family, type I receptor of TGF-beta, can phosphorylate Smad with their cytoplasmic kinase domain. Smad phosphorylated by the receptor is called R-Smad (receptor mediated Smad). R-Smad has the phosphorylation site (SxS motif) in its C-terminus. There is another class of Smad protein called Co-Smad (Common mediator Smad) that deletes SxS motif. Phosphorylated R-Smad bind to Co-Smad and forms hetero-oligomers. Smad complex moves into the nucleus, and controls the expression of the target genes. It is shown that both R- and Co-smad are necessary for a nuclear localization and the transcriptional regulation. Structural analysis of the Smad complex revealed that Smad complex was composed of 3 molecules of Smads. It was reported that homo-trimer composed of 3 molecules of R-Smads and hetero-trimer composed of 2 molecules of R-Smads and 1 molecule of Co-Smad are exists in the cell. DNA pull down assay revealed that transcriptional complex binding to DNA contained at least one molecule of Co-Smad. It was reported that the time change of the activity of the Smad signal transduction was complex in developmental processes. It is difficult to understand the time change of the activity of Smad signal transduction intuitively, because it is controlled by a complex protein reactions that forms a heteromeric Smad complex. I construct a mathematical model for the Smad complex formation to understand the dynamics of Smad signal transduction. I investigate the relationship between Smad complex formation and the ligand concentration, the time change of the activity of Smad signal transduction and the role of complex formation for the specificity of the Smad signal transduction.
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